What is section 12 And 13 of indian evidence Act 1872.

 

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What is section 12And 13 of evidence act. -

12. In suits for damages, facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant. –– 

In suits in which damages are claimed, any fact which will enable the Court to determine the amount of damages which ought to be awarded is relevant. 

EXPLANATION -

12. In suits for damages, facts tending to enable Court to decide/figure out amount are (clearly connected or related). --

In suits in which damages are claimed, any fact which will enable the Court to decide/figure out the amount of damages which should be awarded is (clearly connected or related).

13. Facts relevant when right or custom is in question. –– 

Where the question is as to the existence of any right or custom, the following facts are relevant: –– 

(a) any transaction by which the right or custom in question was created, claimed, modified, recognized, asserted or denied, or which was inconsistent with its existence;

 (b) particular instances in which the right or custom was claimed, recognized or exercised, or in which its exercise was disputed, asserted or departed from.  

                                                                            Illustrations 

The question is, whether A has a right to a fishery. 

A deed conferring the fishery on A’s ancestors, a mortgage of the fishery by A’s father, a subsequent grant of the fishery by A’s father, irreconcilable with the mortgage, particular instances in which A’s father exercised the right, or in which the exercise of the right was stopped by A’s neighbours, are relevant facts.

EXPLANATION -

13. Facts (clearly connected or related) when right or custom is in question. --
Where the question is as to the existence of any right or custom, the following facts are (clearly connected or related): --

(a) any transaction by which the right or custom in question was created, claimed, changed, recognized, strongly defended/strongly expressed or denied, or which was not agreeing with/not matching with its existence;

(b) particular events in which the right or custom was claimed, recognized or exercised, or in which its exercise was argued against, strongly defended/strongly expressed or left/gone from.

Drawings/pictures

The question is, whether A has a right to a fishery.

A deed giving/discussing the fishery on A's (family relatives or things that existed long, long ago), a mortgage of the fishery by A's father, a later grant of the fishery by A's father, unsolvable with the mortgage, particular events in which A's father exercised the right, or in which the exercise of the right was stopped by A's neighbours, are (clearly connected or related) facts.

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